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Architectural Constraints of Heterogeneous Real-Time Systems

Real-time multimedia systems do not run in a single loop. They run several incompatible ones at once: audio callbacks at 48kHz (~20μs per sample) with hard real-time deadlines, graphics render loops at 60–144 FPS (~7–16ms per frame) with soft frame pacing, asynchronous input from MIDI/HID/OSC devices with backend-defined threading, and user-defined coroutines that may demand either sample accuracy or frame-rate granularity depending on intent. These contexts cannot be collapsed into a single abstraction without erasing the constraints that make them correct.